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?2000 fairchild semiconductor international www.fairchildsemi.com rev.1.0.1 may. 2000. 1 features smp circuit ? 3 phase sensorless bldc motor driver with speed discriminator ? built-in start-up circuit with wss (waltz step start) method ? suitable for high and middle end set (max. output current: 2a) ? built-in dynamic brake circuit vcm circuit ? high output current driver with external npn & pnp transistors. (max. output current: 2a) ? no crossover distortion ? low offset current other ? low standby current ? built-in precision power detector circuit ? built-in tsd(thermal shut down) circuit description the KA2811C is a monolithic one-chip ic which includes spm (spindle motor) driver, vcm (voice coil motor) driver and peripheral driver, designed for driving hdd motor. for high starting torque and high speed, spm circuit employes wss (waltz step start) method for starting the motor and can drive up to 2a. vcm circuit is designed to drive up to 1.5a to meet the trends of hdd's high speed. (requires external transistors). 48-qfph-1414
KA2811C 2 KA2811C pin assignments 48qfph (48quad flat package heat-sink) 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27 26 25 30 29 28 33 32 31 36 35 34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 brake cpump v cc3 cosc pc gnd v cc1 mtron ce clref rset n comp2 comp1 ctln ctlp resense gainsel v cc1 gnd cret pfail ready retract crst cstmon clock sinka1 sourcea sinka2 sinkb2 sourceb sinkb1 v cc disable sinkaref wflt vflt uflt eflt w cs v u retset sense12 sense5 rpmsel tab tab tab tab KA2811C
KA2811C 3 pin definitions pin number pin name i/o pine function descrition 1 brake o brake output 2 cpump - charge pump capacitor 3v cc3(vdd) - 5v power supply 4 cosc - start-up osc capacitor 5 pc - phase compensation capacitor 6 gnd - ground 7v cc1 - 12v power supply 8 mtron i motor on & off control input 9 ce i chip enable (active low) 10 clref i current limit reference voltage 11 rset i current & voltage setting resistor 12 n i neutral 13 wflt i input filter of w-phase signal 14 vflt i input filter of v-phase signal 15 uflt i input filter of u-phase signal 16 eflt i back emf output filter 17 w o w-phase output 18 cs i current sensing resistor 19 v o v-phase output 20 u o u-phase output 21 retset i retract voltage setting resistor 22 sense12 i v cc (12v) power supply sense 23 semse5 i v cc (5v) power supply sense 24 rpmsel i rpm selection 25 retract i retract circuit control input 26 ready o targer rpm locking output signal 27 pfail o power fail output 28 cret i retract power charging capacitor 29 gnd - ground 30 v cc1 - 12v power supply 31 gainsel i vcm gain setting (high, low) 32 rsense i current sensing resistor
KA2811C 4 KA2811C pin definitions (continued) pin number pin name i/o pine function descrition 33 ctlp i vcm amp positive input 34 ctln i vcm amp negative input 35 comp1 i compensation capacitor 36 comp2 i compensation capacitor 37 sinkaref i kelvin sensing point for vcm amp 38 disable i vcm part disable 39 v cc2 - vcm part power supply (12v) 40 sinkb1 i external npn-pnp transistor collector 41 sourceb o external pnp transistor base 42 sinkb2 o external npn transistor base 43 sinka2 o external npn transistor base 44 sourcea o external pnp transistor base 45 sinka1 i external npn-pnp transistor base 46 clock i reference clock input 47 cstmon - start-up monitoring 48 crst - vcm amp gain adjustable resistor
KA2811C 5 internal block diagram 33 34 31 38 25 21 47 27 22 23 46 9 3 1 24 11 26 29 tab 6 2 10 18 5 4 8 17 30 20 19 15 14 13 12 16 28 37 32 41 40 42 44 45 43 48 35 39 36 ctlp ctln gainsel disable retract retset cstmon pfail 12v-sense 5v-sense v cc3 brake ce clock rpmsel rset ready gnd gnd gnd cpump clref cs pc mtron cosc w v u v cc cret uflt vflt wflt n eflt sink1 sourcea sink2 crst sinkaref resense sourceb sinkb1 sinkb2 v cc comp2 comp1 gainsel disable retract stmon bandgap wss start-up circuit + + - brake power control bias z-cross detector speed detector speed control rpmsel f/v c. ready lvi tsd divider1 + - + + - - control-amp vref buffer-amp sense-amp commutation & control 3-phase h-bridge drivers back- emi detector 12v +5v logic
KA2811C 6 KA2811C equivalent circuits brake output u, v, w drive output cpump cosc pc mtron (1 pin) 40k w from mtron block 120k w v cc w(17pin) r9 50k w 50k w 50k w 50k w u (20pin) v (19pin) 50k w + - to output drive circuit (2pin) + - + - 0.5v on/off (4pin) 3v on/off + - output drive circuit output current sensing iil injection (5pin) vref 1.4v (8pin)
KA2811C 7 equivalent circuits (continued) ce input clref rset n uflt, vflt, wflt retset (9pin) v cc3 (5v) 1.4v v cc3 (5v) v cc3 (5v) (10pin) vref(5v reference) (11pin) + - + - + - (12pin) u comparator v comparator w comparator + - (15pin: uflt) (14pin: vflt) (13pin: wflt) each u, v, w phase signal each output drive circuit (21pin) 3.75k
KA2811C 8 KA2811C equivalent circuits (continued) rpmsel retract ready cret gainsel cstmon v cc (5v) (24pin) (25pin) v cc (5v) 32k v cc3 (5v) (26pin) v cc3 (5v) 4.2v (28pin) retract block u v w (31pin) v cc3 (5v) (47pin) running: high start-up: low
KA2811C 9 absolute maximum ratings (ta = 25 c) notes: 1. absolute maximum ratings are values beyond which the device may be damaged permanently. normal operation is not guaranteed at or above those extremes. 2. all voltages are measured with respect to the gnd voltage level unless otherwise specified. 3. when mounted on 50mm 50mm 1mm pcb (phenolic resin material). 4. do not exceed pd and soa(safe operation area). power dissipation curve recommended operating conditions (ta = 25 c) parameter symbol value unit maximum supply volta g ev cc1max, v cc1max 15.0 v maximum lo g ic part supply volta g e 2 v cc3max (v dd ) 7.0 v power dissipation p d 3.0 w maximum output drive current i omax 2.0 a lo g ic control input volta g ev in - 3.0 ~ v cc3 v operatin g temperature ran g et opr 0 ~ 70 c solderin g temperature (5 seconds, 1/4 inch from pin) t sold 300 c stora g e temperature ran g et stg - 55 ~ 150 c parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit operatin g supply volta g ev cc1 , v cc2 10.8 12.0 13.2 v operatin g supply volta g e in lo g ic part v cc3 4.5 5.0 5.5 v ambient operatin g temperature ran g eta0-+70 c 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 ambient temperature, ta [ c] 150 175 1,000 2,000 3,000 pd[mw]
KA2811C 10 KA2811C electrical characteristics (ta=25 c, v cc1 , v cc2 =12v, v cc3 =5v) parameter symbol conditions min. typ. max. unit quiescent current i cc2 ce =0v, disable=0v 9 14 19 ma i cc3 ce =5v, disable=5v 2 4.5 7 ma spm drive ce input threshold voltage v ceth - 0.8 - 2.0 v ce input high current i ceih ce=5v - - 100 m a ce input low current i ceil ce=0v - - 100 m a mtron input threshold voltage v moth - 0.8 - 2.0 v mtron input high current i mih mtron=5v - - 100 m a mtron input low current i mil mtron=0v - - 100 m a start-up oscillation high threshold voltage v stthh c ext =0.068 m f 2.6 3.0 3.4 v start-up oscillation low threshold voltage v stthl c ext =0.068 m f 0.3 0.5 0.7 v start-up oscillation frequency fst c ext =0.068 m f 100 145 190 hz start-up oscillation high frequency charging current i hifcha c stmon =0v - 68 - 52 - 36 ma start-up oscillation high frequency discharging current i hifdch c stmon =0v 324864 m a start-up oscillation low frequency charging current i lofcha c stmon =5v - - 1.5 - 8 m a start-up oscillation low frequency discharging current i lofdch c stmon =5v 364864 m a start-up monitor low voltage v sml i o =1ma - 1 0.4 v start-up monitor switching voltage v start - 2.0 2.5 3.0 v charge pump r1 setup voltage v cp r1=10k w 0.85 1.0 1.15 v charge pump discharge current i cpdch - 205080 m a charge pump charging current i cpcha - - 65 - 50 - 35 m a charge pump leakage current i cplkg --- 1 m a ready output high voltage v r1 i o = - 1.0ma, uflt=300hz 3.6 4.2 4.8 v ready output high voltage v r2 i o = - 1.0ma, uflt=360hz 3.6 4.2 4.8 v ready output low voltage v ready - - - 0.4 v
KA2811C 11 electrical characteristics (continued) (ta=25 c, v cc1 , v cc2 =12v, v cc3 =5v) parameter symbol conditions min. typ. max. unit output leakage current 1 i lkg v cc =12.0v (up u) - - 200 m a i lea2 v cc =12.0v (up v) - - 200 m a i lea3 v cc =12.0v (up w) - - 200 m a i lea11 v cc =12.0v (low u) - - 200 m a i lea12 v cc =12.0v (low v) - - 200 m a i lea13 v cc =12.0v (low w) - - 200 m a output saturation voltage v sat (u, v, w) i o =100ma - - 0.8 v i o =300ma - - 1.2 v i o =500ma - - 1.5 v i o =1a - - 2.0 v i o =1.5ma - - 3.0 v rpmsel input low current i rpml rpmsel=0v - 80 - 45 - 10 m a rpmsel input high current i rpmh rpmsel=5v 104070 m a brake output low voltage v brk i o =0.5ma - - 0.4 v low voltage inhibit v lvi -6-8v vcm drive offset current i off rsense=1 w- 9- 9ma 1/4 gain g1/4 gainsel=2v 227 250 278 ma/v 1/16 gain g1/16 gainsel=0.8v 53 63 73 ma/v sinking saturation 11 voltage v nsat11 i o =100ma - 0.3 - v sinking saturation 12 voltage v nsat12 i o =300ma - 0.4 - v sinking saturation 13 voltage v nsat13 i o =500ma - 0.5 - v sinking saturation 21 voltage v nsat21 i o =100ma - 0.3 - v sinking saturation 22 voltage v nsat22 i o =300ma - 0.4 - v sinking saturation 23 voltage v nsat23 i o =500ma - 0.5 - v sourcing saturation 11 voltage v psat11 i o =100ma - 0.3 - v sourcing saturation 12 voltage v psat12 i o =300ma - 0.4 - v sourcing saturation 13 voltage v psat13 i o =500ma - 0.5 - v sourcing saturation 21 voltage v psat21 i o =100ma - 0.3 - v sourcing saturation 22 voltage v psat22 i o =300ma - 0.4 - v sourcing saturation 23 voltage v psat23 i o =500ma - 0.5 - v sourcea base drive current isoab - 20 - - ma sourceb base drive current isobb - 20 - - ma
KA2811C 12 KA2811C electrical characteristics (continued) (ta=25 c, v cc1 , v cc2 =12v, v cc3 =5v parameter symbol conditions min. typ. max. unit sink2 base drive current i siab -20--ma sinkb2 base dirve current i sibb -20--ma retset voltage v retset - 0.5 0.75 0.95 v source voltage v src c ret =3v 1.0 1.6 2.2 v sink current i sin sinkb1=0.5v 36 48 60 - retract output low voltage v retout i sinkb1 =1ma - - 0.4 ma 12v threshold voltage v th2 - 9.0 10 11 v 12v hysteresis voltage v hys12 - - 150 - mv 5v threshold voltage v th5 - 1.2 4.6 4.85 v 5v hysteresis voltage v hys5 --75-mv power fail output low voltage v opf - - - 0.4 v gainsel high input voltage v ihgain - 2.0 - - v disable high input voltage v ihdis - 2.0 - - v retract high input voltage v ihret - 2.0 - - v gainsel low input voltage v ilgain - - - 0.8 v disable low input voltage v ildis - - - 0.8 v retract low input voltage v ilret - - - 0.8 v disable high input current i ihdis v in =5v - 10 40 m a gainsel high input current i ihgain v in =5v - - 10 m a retract high input current i ihret v in =5v - - 10 m a disable low input current i ildis v in =0v - - 10 m a gainsel low input current i ilgain v in =0v - 40 - 10 - m a retract low input current i ilret v in =0v - 250 - 160 - m a
KA2811C 13 application information 1. spindle motor circuit 1. bias the circuit biases the spindle block and is configured of a bandgap circuit as illustrated in figure 1 below. figure 1. bias block internal circuit where r3 = ra = rb ........... = rw. pin no.9 (ce) is capable to enable or disable the spindle block. 2. start-up this concerns initial drive of the spindle motor. the waltz step start (wss) method has been applied to obtain high torque. the wss starts the 3-phase spindle motor in 3 steps just like a waltzing rhythm not in 4 step as shown below. the start-up is effected by driving output stage of the block with the sliding cosc clock and setting the signals of ce and mtron at the low state (see the start-up timing chart). when the spindle motor is in start-up mode, the voltage at pin 47 should measure 1.4v and in the running mode 2.5v. the equations below represent the timing of each mode. vref ia ib rb ra r2 r3 r4 rw iw 4 step (4/4 beat) 3 step (3/4 beat)
KA2811C 14 KA2811C transition time from start-up high frequency to low frequency: delay time from the start-up start-up to running modes: 3. bemf detector this circuit detects the signals to ce and mtron to determine bemf (back electromotive force) level required to maintain self-commutation of the spindle motor. the block is configured of bemf amplifier and voltage detector circuits. 4. zero cross detector this circuit controls the rotating speed of the spindle motor with the output obtained from the comparator which compares the u phase voltage(among u, v, w phase voltages that are the actual elements of bemf of the motor) with the neutral voltage of the motor. 5. rpm selector the selection mode at the pin no. 24 and the clock at the pin no. 48 enables to run the motor at specific rpm within the range of 3600/4500/5400 as follows 6. speed control circuit it compares input reference clock with the output phase of zero cross over detector which is proportional to motor speed by means of pll (phase lock loop) circuit. after that, it provides the data of speed error to the f/v block as pulse. pin no. 24 (rpmsel) pin no. 46 (clock) target rpm remark low (0v) 4mhz 3600 - 5mhz 4500 - 6mhz 5400 - high (5v) 5mhz 5400 - open - - not use vpin no. 47 ( 1.4v ) @ 5v 1 e t t -- C C ? ? ?? = t t in (3.6/5) = vpin no. 47 ( 2.5v ) @ 5v 1 e t t -- C C ? ? ?? = t t in 0.5 C =
KA2811C 15 1-1. rpm of motor here, n o = rpm fck = reference clock (pin no. 46), d1 = divided clock ratio, d2 = divided zero cross signal ratio, p o = motor pair pole (8 pole motor: p o = 4) ncnt = pll counted value pin 24 = 0v ? ncnt = 2084 pin 24 = 5v ? ncnt = 1736 ex) 1-2. speed error (%) here, i hold = leakage current (pin no. 2) ex) at the KA2811C rpmerror = 100 m a 10k w 100 = 0.1% 7. f/v converter this circuit converts the digital output signals from the speed control block into dc voltage and then feeds the voltages to buffer amplifier. 8. control amp it compensates the total gain and phase of spm circuit. it operates sense amp during start-up, and incorporates output voltage and feedback loop by f/v input during running. 9. sense amp it determines maximum output current during the start-up. 10. ready it generates high ready output when motor speed reaches target rpm. 11. brake while the spindle motor is in rotation at the target rpm. the signal voltage at the pin 1 sets to the low state that the brake func- tion is not activated. n o fck 60 d1 ncnt p o d2 ----------------------------------------- = fck 5mhz pin no. 24 = 5v, mode (ncnt = 1736) , = n o fck ncnt ------------ - 1.875 5400.346rpm 5400rpm @ == rpmerror i hold ncnt --------------- 100 = i hold r10 r11 + () 100 =
KA2811C 16 KA2811C if however, the power is turned off or the chip is disabled, the internal circuit of the pin 1 will be opened. in this way, the voltage at the capacitor c4 will be discharged through the resistor r4 and triggers the dual mosfet turned on. figure 2. brake circuit 12. protector uvlo (under voltage lockout) the protector shuts down internal bias by the function of uvlo when the power supply voltage drops below 6v (min). tsd (thermal shutdown) it shuts down the driver in case the chip temperature should rise upto 150 c by the function of thermal shutdown (tsd) circuitry. KA2811C 1 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 spindle coils w v u sd4 sd5 sd3 r4 c4 ssd2003 r8 r7 r6 17 19 20 d2
KA2811C 17 2. vcm circuit 1. current amplifier current amplifier is capable of gain adjustment with use of six external resistors. the design is implemented in a configuration that ensures minimum crossover distortion characteristics. it externally employs dual power transistors of npn & pnp types of imax = 3a current rating in order to minimize ic loss and maximize output driving capability. (dual npn: ssd1001, dual pnp: ssd1002) 2. retract circuit the power for this circuit is derived from the spindle motor bemf after having filtered by 3 diodes (self-contained) and the capacitor c3 at the pin 28(cret). retract function is active when the low level is applied to the input (pin 25) which turns the pin 40 (sinkb1) to low state and sets the bias voltage of pin no. 32 (rsense) as expressed below: vcm current during the retraction is determined by the resistor r5. 3. disable pin enables or disables of vcm circuit. 4 gainsel this function selects the gain mode. when the input to pin 31 (gainsel) is at high state, it selects high gain mode, and if low, it becomes low gain mode. 2-1. gain selection method vpin32 v [] 0.7 v [] 3.75 k w [] r5 k w [] + ---------------------------------------------------- 33.75k w [] = high gain (pin31 = 5v) r2p rfp + r ! p ------------------------------- = low gain (pin32 = 0v) rfp r1p r2p + ------------------------------ - =
KA2811C 18 KA2811C figure 3. vcm gain amp circuit 5. power fail detector it checks the power of 12v and 5v. the bandgap reference circuit is used to maintain internal reference voltage. assume in fig.4 that the bandgap reference voltage is 1.5v and the normal voltage level of v cc 1 & 2 (12v) or v cc 3 (5v) is decreased. if the voltage at any one pin 22, 23 drops down to 1.5v level, when the comparator output (pfail) turns to low from high which is normal running state. in this example, the voltages of v cc 1 & 2 and v cc 3 are obtained by the following expressions: hysteresis: v cc 1, 2 = 90mv (typ) v cc 3 = 45mv (typ) + - + - 45 37 32 48 34 33 from d/a. converter vref vout r2p 1 w to vcm(+) rfp r1n rfn extermal circuit intermal circuit high gain amp low gain amp r1p r1n r1p = r1n r2p = r2n rfp = rfn v cc 12 , vpin no. 22 r1 r2 + r2 --------------------- - = 1.5 v [] 12.75 k w [] 2.25 k w [] + 2.25 k w [] ---------------------------------------------------------- - = 9.999 v [] or less = v cc 3vpin no. 23 r3 r4 + r4 --------------------- - = 1.5 v [] 3.075 k w [] 1.5 k w [] + 1.5 k w [] ------------------------------------------------------- - = 4.757 v [] or less =
KA2811C 19 figure 4. power fail circuit + - + 23 22 27 12v-sense bandgap reference 5v-sense v cc1, 2 v cc3 r3 r4 r1 r2 pfail
KA2811C 20 KA2811C timming chart start-up ce mtron cosc u v w f1 vth2 = 0.5v vth1 = 3v running mode f2
KA2811C 21 from start-up mode to running mode waveform pin20 (u phase) pin4(osc.) pin47 (cstmon)
KA2811C 22 KA2811C synchronous driving waveform (start-up mode) pin20(u phase) pin4(osc.)
KA2811C 23 running mode waveform u phase v phase w phase
KA2811C 24 KA2811C typical performance characteristics vcm output saturation voltage vs. vcm output current ( npn trs = ssd1001, pnp trs =ssd1002 ) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10 00 1100 1200 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 npn+pnp npn pnp output(coil) current [ma] output saturation voltage [ mv] vsat vs. io
KA2811C 25 test circuits KA2811C v1 vcc vcc 1 48 12 13 24 25 36 37 r47 20k qa1 v6 va rsense 1 vb rc 1.8 qb1 v8 sw1 v cc3 rfp 1k sw7 20 sw6 33 sw5 100 sw4 15 qa2 v2 ra v1 rb 1.8 v3 qb2 sw9 v4 1.8 rd 1.8 r2p 2k rfn 1k r2n 2k r1n 6k r1p 6k ctlp ctln v cc2 r27 50k c23 0.01 m su1 su2 su3 c22 0.01 m sw3 sv1 sv2 sv3 w1 w2 w3 24 40 120 24 40 120 24 40 120 swcs r9b 1 r9d 1 r9a 1 r9c 1 r10 4k r11 6k v cc1 swmo swce c5 0.01 m f c4 0.068 m f vdd(5v) timer r2 500k sw8 v5
KA2811C 26 KA2811C typical application circuits notes: break down voltage of zd1 < maximum supply voltage (15v). KA2811C clock r2 sd1 vcm sd2 ssd1001 ssd1002 r13 v cc2 (12v) disable rfn r2n 1 r1 c1 r14 rfp c2 r2p 1 r1n ctln r1p gainsel d1 ctlp v cc2 (12v) pfail ready retract rpmsel c3 zd1 d2 c5 c6 r4 c4 sd3 sd4 sd5 r5 u v w 1 ssd2003 r8 r7 r6 c9 c8 c7 17 19 20 r11 r10 r9 c13 c12 c11 c10 spindle coils ce mtron v cc1 (12v) v cc 3(5v) c17 c16 c15 c14 r12 1 48 37 36 12 13 24 25
48-qfph-1414 #1 #48 (0.825) 17.20 0.30 (4.85) 0.10max 0.65 14.00 0.20 17.20 0.30 14.00 0.20 + 0.10 -0.05 0.30 0.80 0.20 0.10max 2.60 0.10 3.00max 0.00~0.25 0~8 + 0.10 -0.05 0.20
trademarks the following are registered and unregistered trademarks fairchild semiconductor owns or is authorized to use and is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all such trademarks. life support policy fairchilds products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of fairchild semiconductor corporation. as used herein: 1. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. 2. a critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. product status definitions definition of terms datasheet identification p roduct status definition advance information preliminary no identification needed obsolete this datasheet contains the design specifications for product development. specifications may change in any manner without notice. this datasheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. fairchild semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. this datasheet contains final specifications. fairchild semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. this datasheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by fairchild semiconductor. the datasheet is printed for reference information only. formative or in design first production full production not in production disclaimer fairchild semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. fairchild does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. qfet? qs? qt optoelectronics? quiet series? supersot?-3 supersot?-6 supersot?-8 syncfet? tinylogic? uhc? fastr? globaloptoisolator? gto? hisec? isoplanar? microwire? optologic? optoplanar? pop? powertrench ? rev. f1 acex? bottomless? coolfet? crossvolt? dome? e 2 cmos tm ensigna tm fact? fact quiet series? fast ? vcx?

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